{"Biotechnology revolves around the \"gene of interest\", with an objective to open various avenues for human welfare in health, medicine, pharma, agriculture etc. using different techniques, tools and processes. One of the breakthroughs of biotechnology in medicine is the gene therapy.","(i) Name the human disease for which the gene therapy was used for the first time:","(ii) Explain the steps of gene therapy carried to cure the disease using the lymphocytes of the patient. Why is this therapy not a permanent cure of the disease ?","(iii) Write the possible permanent cure of the disease by the gene therapy that is in progress."}

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Biotechnology

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Question 76

Bt toxin kills the insect by

Blocking mitochondrial respiration
Blocking transfer of nerve impulse
Creating pores in body surface
Creating pores in mid-gut epithelial cell

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Biotechnology

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Question 77

1: 2. I Restriction Enmymes In the year 1963 , the two enzymes responsible for restricting the growth of bacteriophage in Escherichia coli were isolated. One of these added methyl groups to DNA, while the other cut DNA. The later was called restriction endonuclease. The first restriction endonuclease-Hind II, whose functioning depended on a specific DNA nucleotide sequence was isolated and characterised five years later. It was found that Hind II always cut DNA molecules at a particular point by recognising a specific sequence of six base pairs. This specific base sequence is known as the recognition sequence for Hind II. Besides Hind II, today we know more than 900 restriction enzymes that have been isolated from over 230 strains of bacteria each of which recognise different recognition sequences.

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Biotechnology

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Question 78

Cioning sites: In order to link the alien DNA, the vecior noeds to have Eooli-Clas Hind ill sery few, preferably single, recognition sites for the commonly more than one recognition sites within the vector will generate several fragments, which will complicate the gene cloning (Figure 11.4). The iigation of alien DNA is carried out at a restriction site present in one of the two antiblotic resistance genes. For example, you can liggate a foreign DNA at the BamH I site of tetracycline_ Figure

11.4

E. coll cloning vector pBR322 resistancegene in the vector pBR322. Showing restriction sites

The recombinant plasmids will lose (Hind IIl, EcoR1, BamH1, Sail, 1, Put II, Pst

tetracycline resistance due to insertion afforeipgotibiotic resistance genes Pvu II. Pst 1, Cia I), ori and

of foreign DNA but can still be selected

(amp" and tet). rop codes for out from non-recombinant ones by the proteins involved in the plating the transformants on replication of the plasmid. fetracyeline containing medium. The transformants growing on ampieilifn containing medifum are then transferred on a medium containings tetracycline. The recombinants will grow in ampicillin containing medium but not on that containing tetracycline. But, non reeombinants will grow on the medlum containing both the antlbiotics. In this case, one antiblotie resistance gene helps in seleclirg, the transformants, whereas the other antiblotic resistance

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Biotechnology

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Question 79

Bryophyllum reproduces through Only One Correct Anawer

Roots
Leaves
Stems
Flowers

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Biotechnology

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Question 80

Q_2ln dealing with power sharing, which one of the following statements is NOT correct about democracy?

People are the source of all political power. !
In a democracy, people rule themselves $j$ through institutions of self-governance.
In a democracy, due respect is given to diverse groups and views that exist in a society.
In a democracy, if the power to decide is dispersed, it is not possible to take quick decisions and enforce them.

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Biotechnology

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