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Human Activity And Biodiversity - Biology Questions asked by Filo students

Question 2
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Read the article below. Use the information to complete this CER activity. Spontaneous generation is the belief that living things, such as flies, worms, and bacteria, came from rotten food or liquid. This belief was very common in the 1700's and early 1800 's. Not all scientists believed that spontaneous generation was true. In 1668 , a scientist named Franceso Redi set up an experiment to test this idea. He thought that maggots grew on rotted meat because they hatched from eggs that were laid by flies. To set up his experiment, he took three glass jars and put meat in each jar. He left one jar totally uncovered. He covered one jar with gauze and the third jar with a regular metal jar cover. He left the jars in the same location for several days. The results: the meat in the uncovered jar was covered with maggots. The jar that was covered with gauze also contained maggots. The jar that was sealed with a cover had no maggots. In the 1860 's a French scientist named Louis Pasteur also wanted to test the idea of spontaneous generation. He believed that the organisms that caused food to rot must come from somewhere else, not the food itself. Pasteur decided to focus on the problem of certain liquids spoiling from bacteria. Pasteur designed an experiment to test his idea. He used two glass containers with broth in them. He used the same type of containers, the same type and amount of broth, open to the same air, and kept at the same temperature and light level. The only difference between his two containers was that bacteria could get into one container but not the other one. Pasteur needed to think of a way to allow bacteria into one container but not the other one. To do this, he used one container with a straight neck and one container with a curved neck. He thought that if there were bacteria in the air, they would fall into the straight-necked container and then into the broth, but would get trapped in the curved neck of the other container and not make it to the broth. He put the same kind and amount of broth in each container and then boiled each one in the same way for the same length of time. He did this to kill any bacteria that would already have been in the broth. The results: after several days, the broth in the straight-necked container was cloudy. He knew that meant that the broth was spoiled. The broth in the curve-necked container was clear. Question: The Cell Theory states that cells can come only from pre-existing cells. Do Redi's and Pasteur's experiments show this to be true? Claim:
Question 3
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Natasha is a 32-year-old female African American patient arriving at the surgery oncology unit status post left breast mastectomy and lymph node excision. She arrives from the post-anesthesia unit (PACU) via hospital bed with her spouse, Angelica, at the bedside. They explain that a self-exam revealed a lump, and, after mammography and biopsy, this surgery was the next step in cancer treatment, and they have an oncologist they trust. Natasha says, "I wonder how I will look later since I want reconstruction." After screening and assessing the patient, the nurse finds she is AAOx4 (awake, alert and oriented to date, place, person and situation). The PACU staff gave her ice due to dry mouth which she self-administers and tolerates well. She has a in her right hand. She states her pain is 2 on a scale of with 10 being the highest. Her wife asks when the patient can eat and about visiting hours. Natasha also asks about a bedside commode for urination and why she does not have a "pain medicine button". Another call light goes off. The nurse heard in report about a Jackson-Pratt drain but there are no dressing change instructions, so she does not further assess the post-op dressing situation in order deal with everything going on at the moment. She then sits down to document this patient. Medications ordered in electronic health record but not yet administered by PACU: Tramadol . Prn for mild to moderate pain. Oxycodone PO q 4 hrs. Prn for moderate to severe pain (5-7 on 1-10 scale) Fentanyl 25 mcg IV q3hrs. Prn For breakthrough pain (no relieve from PO meds or greater than 8 on scale) Lactated Ringers IV infusion, continuous liters Naloxone 0.4-2 IV/IM/SC; may repeat q2-3min PRN respiratory rate less than 6 bpm; not to exceed BP on Room Air HR 68bpm and regular Ht RR Wt Temp EBL CBC-WNL BMP Potassium - 1. What education should be provided to the patient regarding post-op medications? 2. What are some concerns, if any, about the patient at this time? Should anything be communicated to the surgeon? 3. What are some ways to prevent infection on a post-surgical patient? Please describe how you can educate the patient on these ideas for prevention.
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