(d) Structure of Nucleic Acids
(i) Primary Structure of Nucleic Acids
Both RNA and DNA are polymers of corresponding sugar nucleotides (polynucleotides), On hydrolysis with alkali or by certain enzymes, RNAs give ribonucleotides whereas DNAs give deoxyribonucleotides Nucleotides join together in DNA and RNA by forming a phosphate ester bond between sugar of another nucleotide. One end of the nucleic acid polymer has a free hydroxyl group at C−3′ (the 3′-end) and the other end has a phosphate at C−5′ (the 5′ end). Hydrogen-ion titrations or purified RNAs indicate that the secondary phosphate ionisations are absent, i.e., it does not show the presence of a second acidic hydrogen ion (H+). This proves that in RNA, the two successive ribonucleotides are linked through phosphodiester bonds.
Thus a nucleic acid molecule has an alternating sugar-phosphate chain as backbone with different bases attached to sugar, as side chains. Nucleotide

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Question Text	(d) Structure of Nucleic Acids (i) Primary Structure of Nucleic Acids Both RNA and DNA are polymers of corresponding sugar nucleotides (polynucleotides), On hydrolysis with alkali or by certain enzymes, RNAs give ribonucleotides whereas DNAs give deoxyribonucleotides Nucleotides join together in DNA and RNA by forming a phosphate ester bond between sugar of another nucleotide. One end of the nucleic acid polymer has a free hydroxyl group at $C - 3^{'}$ (the $3^{'}$ -end) and the other end has a phosphate at $C - 5^{'}$ (the $5^{'}$ end). Hydrogen-ion titrations or purified RNAs indicate that the secondary phosphate ionisations are absent, i.e., it does not show the presence of a second acidic hydrogen ion $(H +)$ . This proves that in RNA, the two successive ribonucleotides are linked through phosphodiester bonds. Thus a nucleic acid molecule has an alternating sugar-phosphate chain as backbone with different bases attached to sugar, as side chains. Nucleotide
Updated On	Mar 24, 2022
Topic	Biotechnology
Subject	Biology
Class	Class 12
Answer Type	Video solution: 1
Upvotes	90
Avg. Video Duration	13 min

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