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Combustion and Flame The burning of a substance in the oxygen of air in which heat and light are produced, is called combustion. So, in most simple words, 'combustion' means 'burning'. In this Chapter we will study the chemical process of combustion (or burning) and the types of flames produced during this process. COMBUSTION A chemical process in which a substance reacts with the oxygen (of air) to give heat and light is called combustion. The light which is given off during combustion can be in the form of a 'flame' or as a 'glow'. For example, wood burns by producing a flame (see Figure 1). But charcoal burns by producing light in the form of glow. The substance which undergoes combustion is said to be combustible. It is also called a fuel. We will now give some examples of combustion. (i) Combustion of Magnesium. If a magnesium ribbon is heated, it starts burning (or undergoes combustion). When a magnesium ribbon burns, it combines with the oxygen of air to form magnesium oxide, and liberates heat and light. The combustion of magnesium can be written as follows : Feare 1. This picture shows the combustion (or burning) of wood in which a flame is produced. $\text{ Magnesium }+\underset{\text{ (From air) }}{\mathrm{Oxygen}}\stackrel{\text{ Combustion }}{⟶}\text{ Magnesium oxide }+\text{ Heat }+\text{ Light }$ Thus, the burning of magnesium in air to produce heat and light is a combustion process. In this reaction, magnesium is a combustible substance. (ii) Combustion of Charcoal. Charcoal is mainly carbon. If we hold a piece of charcoal with a pair of tongs and heat it on the flame of a burner, it starts burning (or undergoes combustion). When charcoal burns, then the carbon of charcoal combines with the oxygen of air to form carbon dioxide. A lot of heat is 91

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Updated on: Nov 3, 2023