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Give no. of energy state, orbital and electrons in N orbital . a. 4,12,32 b. 4,16 ,30 c. 4,16 ,32 d. 4,32,64

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D E=hv
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stream of particles 92 | Shivalal Chemistry: Class XI Dual Nature of Matter and Light (corpuscles). This theory cannot explain the phenomenon of diffraction. Huygens presented the wave nature Newton proposed the corpuscular theory of light, according to which light is a radiation. But this theory was unable to explain the photo electric effect and black body radiation also. of light. Maxwell widened the wave theory of light and considered it to be a form of electromagnetic This theory exhibits the dual nature of light. According to it, light waves travel in the form of small Hence, Max Planck proposed the quantum theory of light. This theory was further extended by Einstein. According to it, particle of a substance in motion exhibits wave nature also. This concept proposed the Inspired by the above theory, Louis de-Broglie assumed the dual nature of matter similar to light, dual nature of matter. This concept of de-Broglie was also supported by Einstein. bundles (quanta). de-Broglie's Equation particle as well as wave nature. These waves are different from electromagnetic waves. They are called In 1924, de-Broglie suggested that electron, like light, has a dual character, that is, it possesses matter-waves. For a particle of matter, we have Einstein's equation E = mc² and for waves, was have Planck's equation E = ho. Since, matter behaves both as particle and wave hence, both energies will be equal. Therefore, mc² = hv mc² = hc Therefore, h λ == This equation is called de-Broglie's equation, where c is the velocity of light. It represents wavelength of one particle or photon of light. This equation also shows the relation between wave and particle nature of light. For a normal material particle, such as an electron, de-Broglie's equation can be written as: h 12 = mc Momentum ◆ Electromicroscope on wave nature of electron. Its based is magnification power is 15 million (: v= 2 mv where, v velocity of particle, m = mass of particle and my momentum h wavelength Above equation also establishes the dual nature of an electron. Experimental Evidence of Dual Nature of Small Particle, as an Electron- (1) Particle Nature - When any electron collides with the screen of zinc sulphide then it leaves a spot. These spots are localised and do not spread in the whole area, like waves. Bonus Learning or mv=- (2) Wave Nature-In an experiment, Davisson and Germer sent an aggregate of radiation on the crystals of nickel and found the similar way is light follows Bragg's equation. that these rays dispersed on the crystal at the same angle or in Therefore, this proves that an electron has both particle and wave nature. times. Heisenberg's Principle of Uncertainty Due to the wave motion of an electron its position cannot be determined. In 1927, Heisenberg proposed an important theory regarding atomic structure. According to this principle, it is not possible to determine simultaneously the position and momentum of a small moving particle, such as an
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Question Text
Give no. of energy state, orbital and electrons in N orbital . a. 4,12,32 b. 4,16 ,30 c. 4,16 ,32 d. 4,32,64
TopicAtomic Structure
SubjectChemistry
ClassClass 12
Answer TypeText solution:1