Question 1

For a gene if AA= male plant, BB= female plant. Find out the genotype of endosperm and embryo

Accepted Answer

Endosperm Genotype :Endosperm is formed by fusion of male gamete and polar nuclei so, the genotype of endosperm is ABBEmbryo Genotype :Embryo is formed by fusion gametes (1n) of male and female. So, the embryo genotype is AB.

Question 2

Ruminate endosperm is found in the seeds of family

Accepted Answer

Mature endosperm with any degree of irregularity and unevenness in its surface contour is called ruminate endosperm. It is known to occur In about 32 families of angiosperms. In family-Annonaceae, the ruminate endosperm is found.

Question 3

Identify the different stages in embryogenesis in the given diagram A,B,C and D

Accepted Answer

Embryo develops at the micropylar end of the ovule or embryo sac, where the zygote is situated. Most zygote divide only after certain amount of endosperm is formed. The early stages of embryonic development is same in both monocotyledons and dicotylendons. The zygote give rise to the proembryo and subsequently into globular, heart-shaped and mature embryo.

Question 4

Genotype of endosperm is ZZA, find out the genotype of male and female plant respectively

Accepted Answer

Endosperm union of male gametes and female polar nuclei, which is diploid in nature.
In question the genotype of endosperm in ZZA means ZZ belongs to female and A belongs to male gametes, so genotype of male plant is = AA and female plant is = ZZ

Question 5

An angiospermic leaf carries 16 chromosomes. The number of  chromosomes in its endosperm will be

Accepted Answer

A somatic cell (e.g., cell of leaf') contains diploid number of chromosomes. In angiosperms, the endosperm is formed by triple fusion, i.e, ., fusion  of two polar nuclei and second male gamete. Therefore, it is triploid ( 3n). Hence, the chromosome number in endosperm will be =24.

Question 6

Selaginella and Salvinia considered to represent a significant step towards evolution of seed habit because :

Accepted Answer

Development of embryo in female parent body is a major step in seed development because in this there is no need of water. In lower plants, water is always needed for fertilization. So, it is the revolutionary step.

Question 7

What would be the number of chromosomes of the aleurone cell of a plant with 42 chromosomes in its root tip cells?

Accepted Answer

The outermost cell later of the endosperm (3n) of seed is called aleurone layer. Since, the cells of aleurone layer are triploid, the number of chromosomes would be =63, as root tip cells (2n) has 42 chromosomes.

Question 8

Embryo developed from the somatic cells are called

Accepted Answer

When the somatic cells are cultured and the culture is made stationary, each cell starts differentiating into an independent embryo showing all the stages of embryo development. These embryos are called embryoids, which can give rise to a complete plant.

Question 9

Maximum viability of rice and wheat is

Accepted Answer

30 min.
The period in which the pollen grains remain viable is highly variable. It depends on the temperature and humidity. In some cereals such as rice and wheat, the pollen grains loose viability with in 30 minutes of their release and in some members of Rosaceae, Leguminosae and Solanaceae, they maintain variability for months.

Question 10

What would be the number of chromosomes in the cells of the aleurone layer in a plant species with 8 chromosomes in its synergids?

Accepted Answer

Cross Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of one flower to the stigma of genetically different flower, it requires various external agents.Zoophily It is a pollination performed by animals. Sticky pollens or hooked, barbed(hairy) pollens gets attached to fur or body of animals.Ornithophily pollination brought about by the agency of bird (e.g., long beaked humming bird, crow, parrot, etc) Ornithophilous flowers are large more nectar and edible part, e.g., Bombax,Agave,Callistemon,Erythrina.Entomophily It is a pollination performed by the insects. Most common type of pollination performed by the insects. Most common type of pollination, such flowers are brightly coloured, aromatic with sticky stigmas and pollen kit, e.g., jasmine, Adhatoda,Magnolia, etc.Cheriopterophily An allogamous pollination brought about by the agency of bats. The flowers produce strong aroma, much nectar, e.g, Adansonia,Anthocephalus (Kadam), etc.

Question 11

For a gene if AA= male plant, BB= female plant. Find out the genotype of endosperm and embryo

Accepted Answer

Endosperm Genotype :Endosperm is formed by fusion of male gamete and polar nuclei so, the genotype of endosperm is ABBEmbryo Genotype :Embryo is formed by fusion gametes (1n) of male and female. So, the embryo genotype is AB.

Question 12

Ruminate endosperm is found in the seeds of family

Accepted Answer

Mature endosperm with any degree of irregularity and unevenness in its surface contour is called ruminate endosperm. It is known to occur In about 32 families of angiosperms. In family-Annonaceae, the ruminate endosperm is found.

Question 13

Identify the different stages in embryogenesis in the given diagram A,B,C and D

Accepted Answer

Embryo develops at the micropylar end of the ovule or embryo sac, where the zygote is situated. Most zygote divide only after certain amount of endosperm is formed. The early stages of embryonic development is same in both monocotyledons and dicotylendons. The zygote give rise to the proembryo and subsequently into globular, heart-shaped and mature embryo.

Question 14

Genotype of endosperm is ZZA, find out the genotype of male and female plant respectively

Accepted Answer

Endosperm union of male gametes and female polar nuclei, which is diploid in nature.
In question the genotype of endosperm in ZZA means ZZ belongs to female and A belongs to male gametes, so genotype of male plant is = AA and female plant is = ZZ

Question 15

An angiospermic leaf carries 16 chromosomes. The number of  chromosomes in its endosperm will be

Accepted Answer

A somatic cell (e.g., cell of leaf') contains diploid number of chromosomes. In angiosperms, the endosperm is formed by triple fusion, i.e, ., fusion  of two polar nuclei and second male gamete. Therefore, it is triploid ( 3n). Hence, the chromosome number in endosperm will be =24.

Question 16

Selaginella and Salvinia considered to represent a significant step towards evolution of seed habit because :

Accepted Answer

Development of embryo in female parent body is a major step in seed development because in this there is no need of water. In lower plants, water is always needed for fertilization. So, it is the revolutionary step.

Question 17

What would be the number of chromosomes of the aleurone cell of a plant with 42 chromosomes in its root tip cells?

Accepted Answer

The outermost cell later of the endosperm (3n) of seed is called aleurone layer. Since, the cells of aleurone layer are triploid, the number of chromosomes would be =63, as root tip cells (2n) has 42 chromosomes.

Question 18

Embryo developed from the somatic cells are called

Accepted Answer

When the somatic cells are cultured and the culture is made stationary, each cell starts differentiating into an independent embryo showing all the stages of embryo development. These embryos are called embryoids, which can give rise to a complete plant.

Question 19

Maximum viability of rice and wheat is

Accepted Answer

30 min.
The period in which the pollen grains remain viable is highly variable. It depends on the temperature and humidity. In some cereals such as rice and wheat, the pollen grains loose viability with in 30 minutes of their release and in some members of Rosaceae, Leguminosae and Solanaceae, they maintain variability for months.

Question 20

What would be the number of chromosomes in the cells of the aleurone layer in a plant species with 8 chromosomes in its synergids?

Accepted Answer

Cross Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of one flower to the stigma of genetically different flower, it requires various external agents.Zoophily It is a pollination performed by animals. Sticky pollens or hooked, barbed(hairy) pollens gets attached to fur or body of animals.Ornithophily pollination brought about by the agency of bird (e.g., long beaked humming bird, crow, parrot, etc) Ornithophilous flowers are large more nectar and edible part, e.g., Bombax,Agave,Callistemon,Erythrina.Entomophily It is a pollination performed by the insects. Most common type of pollination performed by the insects. Most common type of pollination, such flowers are brightly coloured, aromatic with sticky stigmas and pollen kit, e.g., jasmine, Adhatoda,Magnolia, etc.Cheriopterophily An allogamous pollination brought about by the agency of bats. The flowers produce strong aroma, much nectar, e.g, Adansonia,Anthocephalus (Kadam), etc.

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