Question 1

How are the minerals absorbed by plants?

Accepted Answer

The mineral concentration within the soil is very low, therefore, it is dissolved in water and move around the soil in solution.Plants absorb the minerals from the soil with the help of root hairs.The minerals are absorbed in the form of ions.The mineral absorption by plant roots take place in two phases-1) Intial phase- The rapid uptake of ions into outer free spaces of the plant cells (apoplast).The free spaces include the intercellular spaces and the cell wall.The entry of ions into the outer space is passive absorption, i.e no energy is required.2) Metabolic phase- The mineral ions diffuse into the cell cytoplasm and vacuoles (symplast).The entry of ions into the cell requires energy, therefore, is called active absorption.

Question 2

Essential ions are absorbed in different amounts by :

Accepted Answer

Essential ions are absorbed in different amounts with the need of roots hairs.

Question 3

Minerals are absorbed by plants in :

Accepted Answer

Mineral ions cross plasma membranes by a chemiosmotic mechanism. Plants absorb minerals in ionic form: nitrate (NO3−​), phosphate (HPO4−​) and potassium ions (K+); all have difficulty crossing a charged plasma membrane. It has long been known plants expend energy to actively take up and concentrate mineral ions.

Question 4

For the uptake of ions in the second phase of absorption of minerals, the pathway followed is called :

Accepted Answer

In the first phase, an initial rapid uptake of ions into the ‘free space’ or ‘outer space’ of cells – the apoplast, is passive. In the second phase of uptake, the ions are taken in slowly into the ‘inner space’ – the symplast of the cells. The passive movement of ions into the apoplast usually occurs through ion-channels, the trans-membrane proteins that function as selective pores. On the other hand, the entry or exit of ions to and from the symplast requires the expenditure of metabolic energy, which is an active process.

Question 5

In the initial phase of minerals absorption ions are taken up :

Accepted Answer

In the initial phase, ions are taken up rapidly.

Question 6

The term ‘outer space’ represents …A…, while ‘inner space’ represents …B… with reference to absorption of minerals.Identify A and B to complete the given statement :

Accepted Answer

In the first phase, an initial rapid uptake of ions into the ‘free space’ or ‘outer space’ of cells – the apoplast, is passive. In the second phase of uptake, the ions are taken in slowly into the ‘inner space’ – the symplast of the cells. The passive movement of ions into the apoplast usually occurs through ion-channels, the trans-membrane proteins that function as selective pores. On the other hand, the entry or exit of ions to and from the symplast requires the expenditure of metabolic energy, which is an active process. The term outer space represents intercellular space and cell wall, while inner space represents cytoplasm and vacuole with reference to absorption of minerals.

Question 7

In the final phase of mineral absorption, ions are taken up into the …… space of cells.

Accepted Answer

In the first phase, an initial rapid uptake of ions into the ‘free space’ or ‘outer space’ of cells – the apoplast, is passive. In the second phase of uptake, the ions are taken in slowly into the ‘inner space’ – the symplast of the cells.

Question 8

Which of the following statement is true about the passive uptake of ions?

Accepted Answer

The passive uptake may be mediated or non-mediated. Passive transport is the movement of ions from a higher concentration to a lower concentration. There are different ways namely, simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, filtration, and osmosis.It occurs by the process of entropy of the system so no additional energy is required.

Question 9

The organ in ?????? that absorb nutrients is known :

Accepted Answer

Haustoria is found in  Viscum that absorbs nutrient.

Question 10

The bladder serving as floats for trapping insects is found in :

Accepted Answer

Utricularia or bladderwort is a submerged aquatic insectivorous plant. Its rootless, floating stem bears highly dissected leaves. A portion of leaf is modified into sac-like bladders of about 1.3 mm in diameter. Each bladder is guarded by a small valve, which opens inwardly. Small insects flow into the bladder with water but not able to come out to the pressure of volve.

Question 11

Which of the following statements are correct about mineral absorption in plants?

Accepted Answer

Ions uptake takes place in two steps :(i) Initial phase Rapid uptake of ions into the ‘outer free space’ of cells, the apoplast. It is called passive uptake.(ii) Second phase Ions are driven up into the inner space, by the symplast of the cells.

Question 12

Read the given statement and answer the question :“Osmosis is the diffusion of a solution of a weaker concentration when both are separated by semipermeable membrane”. What is the error in the statement?

Accepted Answer

In the given statement of osmosis, the movement of solvent molecule is not specified.

Question 13

In the following question, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason.Mark the correct choice as :Assertion: The movement of ions into or out of the cells is usually called flux.Reason: The entry or exit of ions to and from the symplast, is an active process.

Accepted Answer

The movement of ions is usually called flux, the inward movement into the cells is influx and the outward movement is called as efflux. The entry or exit of ions to and from the symplast requires the expenditure of metabolic energy, which is an active process.

Question 14

In the following question, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason.Mark the correct choice as:Assertion : Active absorption of minerals is inhibited when the roots are deprived of oxygen.Reason : Active absorption of minerals requires expenditure of metabolic energy, which comes from respiration in the presence of oxygen.

Accepted Answer

Active absorption requires energy for absorption of minerals. It comes from respiration that is aerobic respiration. So, when roots are deprived of oxygen, active absorption of minerals is inhibited.

Question 15

In case of ???????, H2​O,O2​,CO2​ and Na follows :

Accepted Answer

In case of ???????, H2​O,O2​,CO2​ and Na follows passive diffusion.

Question 16

In the following question, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason.Mark the correct choice as:Assertion: As per carbonic acid exchange theory of mineral salt absorption, CO2​ released during respiration of roots forms H2​CO3​ when dissolved in soil water.Reason: H2​CO3​ dissociates into H+and HCO3−​ ions, where H+ions exchange with anions adsorbed on clay particles.

Accepted Answer

According to carbonic acid exchange theory, CO2​ released during respiration of roots combines with soil water to produce carbonic acid (H2​CO3​). Carbonic acid dissociates into H+and HCO−​, ions in soil solution. These H+ions may be exchanged for cations adsorbed on clay particles. The cations thus released into soil solution from the clay particles, may be adsorbed on root cells in exchange for H+ions.

Question 17

In the following question, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason.Mark the correct choice as:Assertion : Active absorption of minerals is inhibited when the roots are deprived of oxygen.Reason : Active absorption of minerals requires expenditure of metabolic energy, which comes from respiration in the presence of oxygen.

Accepted Answer

Active absorption requires energy for absorption of minerals. It comes from respiration that is aerobic respiration. So, when roots are deprived of oxygen, active absorption of minerals is inhibited.

Question 18

Match the following columns.

Accepted Answer

The correct match is A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1.

Question 19

Conversion of starch to organic acids is required for

Accepted Answer

There is evidence to believe that besides organic acids the turgidity of guard cells is usually controlled by K+,Cl−and H+. The opening of stomata is initiated by exertion of H+by guard cells, intake of K+and Cl−, disappearance of starch and appearance of organic acids like malic acid.

Question 20

Minerals absorbed by root move to the leaf through

Accepted Answer

Minerals absorbed by roots move to the leaf through xylem. Xylem plays an important role in conduction of water. Hence, when water moves upward through xylem, minerals are also absorbed by the roots and move towards leaves through xylem only. This is known as ascent of sap.

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Solution for Class 11, Biology, Mineral Nutrition

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