Question 1

Mendel studied inheritance of seven pairs of traits in Pea which can have 21 possible combinations. If you are told that in one of these combinations, independent assortment is not observed in later studies, your reaction will be

Accepted Answer

Law of independent assortment is applicable to only those factors or genes which are located on different chromosomes.

Question 2

Experimental verification of the chromosomal theory of inheritance was done by -

Accepted Answer

Morgan

Question 3

Initiation codon of protein synthesis (in eukaryotes) is

Accepted Answer

The initiation codon is the codon which initiates the protein synthesis. They are AUG for methionine and GUG for valine.

Question 4

Initiation codon of protein synthesis (in eukaryotes) is

Accepted Answer

The initiation codon is the codon which initiates the protein synthesis. They are AUG for methionine and GUG for valine.

Question 5

The transforming principle of Pneumococcus as found out by Avery, Macleod and Mc Carty was

Accepted Answer

The transforming chemical discovered by Griffith in his experiments with Pneumococcus, was confirmed as DNA by Amery, McLeod and McCarty.

Question 6

Who proved that DNA is basic genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Hershey and Chase (1952) worked on Escherichia coli and conclusively proved that DNA is the genetic material.

Question 7

Because most of the amino acids are represented by more than one codon, the genetic code is

Accepted Answer

All amino acids are specified by more than one codon (except Tryptophan and Methionine). Hence they are degenerate.

Question 8

During DNA replication, the strands separate by

Accepted Answer

Unwindase or helicase takes part in separation of two DNA strands. In prokaryotes, helicase of unwindase is assisted by gyrase in this function

Question 9

The process of translation is

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis occurs over ribosomes which are also referred to as protein factories.

Question 10

A DNA with unequal nitrogen bases would most probably be

Accepted Answer

A single strand of DNA would not posses complementary base pairs. Hence nitrogenous bases are unequal in number.

Question 11

Nucleotide arrangement in DNA can be seen by

Accepted Answer

In 1953 Wilkins obtained very fine X-ray crystallographic pictures of DNA from which Watson and Crick developed the double helix model of DNA.

Question 12

DNA template sequence of CTGATAGC is transcribed over mRNA as

Accepted Answer

During transcription, from the DNA template complementary mRNA is formed and thymine is replaced by uracil.

Question 13

Protein helping in opening of DNA double helix in front of replications fork is

Accepted Answer

DNA gyrase participates in the unwinding of DNA helix during replication.

Question 14

H.J Muller was awarded Nobel Prize for his-

Accepted Answer

H.J. Muller-study of effect of radiation on the living organism. He was awarded for the nobel prize discovering that ionizing radiations can induce gene mutations.

Question 15

Out of 64 codons, 61 codons code for 20 types of amino acid. It is called

Accepted Answer

Out of 64 codons, only 3 signify stop codons. There are more than one codon for most of the amino acids, the genetic code is non-over lapping. Three successive nucleotides or bases code for only one amino acid wobbling refers to the third base degeneracy.

Question 16

What would happen if in a gene encoding a polypeptide of 50 amino acids, 25th  codon (UAU) is mutated to UAA ?

Accepted Answer

UAA is the stop codon at 25th  Amino acid the synthesis of polypeptide stops and a polypeptide of 24 Amino acid is formed.

Question 17

During translation initiation in prokaryotes, a GTP molecule is needed in

Accepted Answer

For the formation of initiation complex during translation of mRNA, GTP is also required. The initiator AUG codes for the formylmethionine in prokaryotes.

Question 18

DNA fingerprinting refers to

Accepted Answer

DNA fingerprinting is the technique of determining nucleotide sequences of certain areas of DNA which are unique to each individual. DNA contains noncistronic hypervariable repeat sequences called VNTR. (Sir alleck Jeffery is called the father of DNA Finger-Printing Tech.). DNA fingerprinting involves the identification of these VNTRs.

Question 19

During replication of a bacterial chromosomes DNA synthesis starts from a replication origin site and

Accepted Answer

Replication begins at the Ori - origin of replication and proceeds on both sides from the Ori. Unidirectional replication is rare. RNA primers are involved in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Question 20

The okazaki fragments in DNA chain growth

Accepted Answer

Okazaki fragments in DNA are linked up by the enzyme DNA ligase (DNA synthetase) after replacing the RNA primers with deoxyribonucleotides after replacing the RNA primers with one word solution of the okazaki fragments in DNA chain growth:
Replication occurs always in 5′−3′ direction okazaki fragments, synthesized on 3′−5′ DNA template, join to form lagging strand which grows in 3′−5′ direction.

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Solutions for Biology-for-NEET-Volume-2-Class-XII by Career Point, Molecular Basis of Inheritance

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