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What type of organisms does kingdom Monera include?

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Monera includes all prokaryotic organism like bacteria.
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Before an action potential reaches the axon terminal, vesicles containing the neurotransmitter attach to the pre-synaptic membrane via proteins called SNARE proteins. This is described as docking. Arrival of the action potential causes voltage-gated calcium ion channels to open, resulting in an inflow of extracellular Ca2+ into the pre-synaptic terminal. The calcium ions bind to sensor proteins in the cytoplasm and the calcium-protein complex stimulates fusion of the docked synaptic vesicle with the plasma membrane, resulting in exocytosis of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. The neurotransmitter rapidly diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to chemically gated ion channels in the post-synaptic membrane. Binding causes these channels to open, resulting in ions flowing into or out of the post-synaptic cell. The changes in ion potential are called graded potentials because the membrane potential can become less or more negative. If voltage-gated sodium channels open, sodium flows into the cell causing the membrane potential to be less than resting membrane potential. This is called an excitatory post-synaptic potential. But if potassium or chloride ion channels open, the membrane becomes more negative than at resting membrane potential, making it harder for it to reach threshold. This is described as an inhibitory post-synaptic potential. If sodium channels open and sufficient amounts of sodium ions flow into the cell to cause the membrane to reach the threshold (-55 mV), that is the trigger to open voltage-gated sodium ion channels, resulting in a rapid inflow of sodium ions into the cell and an action potential generated in the post-synaptic neuron.
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Question Text
What type of organisms does kingdom Monera include?
TopicBiological Classification
SubjectBiology
ClassClass 11
Answer TypeText solution:1
Upvotes113