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Micropropagation is a technique-

A
For production of many plants that are clones of each other

B
For production of haploid plant

C
For production of somatic hybrids

D
For production of somaclonal plants

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A tissue culture technique for plant propagation in which tissue is taken from a plant and grown in a laboratory to produce genetically identical plantlets or clones to the parent of a plant, this method is known as micropropagation..
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How does an NMDA receptor play a role in Pavlovian conditioning? Pavlovian conditioning, also known as classical conditioning, is a type of learning in which an organism learns to associate a neutral stimulus with a biologically significant stimulus. This type of conditioning is named after Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist who conducted groundbreaking research on the topic. One important aspect of Pavlovian conditioning is the role of the NMDA receptor. The NMDA receptor is a type of glutamate receptor that is involved in synaptic plasticity and learning. It plays a crucial role in the formation and strengthening of associations between stimuli. During Pavlovian conditioning, the NMDA receptor is activated when the neutral stimulus is paired with the biologically significant stimulus. This activation leads to an influx of calcium ions into the postsynaptic neuron, which triggers a cascade of molecular events that ultimately result in the strengthening of the synaptic connection between the neurons involved in the association. The activation of the NMDA receptor is dependent on the coincidence of pre- and postsynaptic activity. In other words, for the NMDA receptor to be activated, the presynaptic neuron must release glutamate at the same time that the postsynaptic neuron is depolarized. This requirement for coincidence detection makes the NMDA receptor a key player in associative learning. Furthermore, the NMDA receptor is also involved in the extinction of conditioned responses. Extinction occurs when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the biologically significant stimulus, leading to a decrease in the conditioned response. The NMDA receptor is thought to play a role in this process by mediating the weakening of the synaptic connection between the neurons involved in the association. In summary, the NMDA receptor plays a crucial role in Pavlovian conditioning by mediating the formation and strengthening of associations between stimuli. Its activation is dependent on the coincidence of pre- and postsynaptic activity, and it is also involved in the extinction of conditioned responses.
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Question Text
Micropropagation is a technique-
TopicReproduction in Organisms
SubjectBiology
ClassClass 12
Answer TypeText solution:1
Upvotes54