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How do nektonic and benthonic animals differ from each other?

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Aquatic organisms can be divided into three groups based on where they occur in underwater ecosystems. Nekton describes animals that can swim against water currents, while plankton are plants or animals that drift in the current. Benthic organism spend their time either under, on or near the surface of the ocean floor.
So, Nektonic are actively swimming animals (e.g. fishes), while benthos are bottom dwellers (e.g. sponges).
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PLANT KINGDOM BRYOPHYTES Bryophytes are the first land plants. Bryophytes include the various mosses and liverworts that are found commonly growing in moist shaded areas in the hills. - Plant body: The plant body is more differentiated than algae. It is thallus like, and prostrate or erect body which is attached to substratum by multicellular/unicellular rhizoids (root-like structures). They lack true roots, stems and leaves but possess root-like, stem-like and leaf-like structures - Habitat: They usually occur in damp, humid and shaded localitics. They play an important role in plant succession on bare rocks/soil. Bryophytes are also called amphibians of the plant kingdom because these plants can live in soil but are dependent on water for sexual reproduction. - Reproduction: Main plant body is haploid, which produces gametes and is called as gametophyte. Gametophyte is photosynthetic and has multicellular sex organs - Antheridium (male sex organ) produces biflagellated antherozoids. - Archegonium (female sex organ) is flask-shaped and produces a single egg. - Antherozoids are released into water where they come in contact with archegonium. An antherozoid fuses with the egg (in archegonium) to form zygote. - Zygote does not undergo reduction division (meiosis) immediately, but produces a multicellular sporophyte by mitosis. Sporophyte consists of three parts - foot, seta and capsule. Sporophyte is not free living but is dependent on gametophyte for its nutrition. - Some cells (spore mother cells) in the capsule of the sporophyte undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores, which germinate to produce a gametophyte (plant body) again. - All bryophytes are homosporous. Importance of bryophytes
  1. They are of little economic importance but are of great ecological importance.
  2. Some mosses provide food for herbaceous mammals, birds and other animals.
  3. Sphagnum (a moss) is used to obtain peat that have long been used as fuel. It is also used as a packaging material for trans-shipment of living material (because of its water holding capacity).
  4. Mosses along with lichens were the first to colonize rocks. They decompose rocks making substrate suitable for growth of higher plants hence, are of great ecological importance.
  5. Since mosses form dense mats on the soil, they reduce the impact of falling rain and prevent soil erosion.
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Question Text
How do nektonic and benthonic animals differ from each other?
TopicAnimal Kingdom
SubjectBiology
ClassClass 11
Answer TypeText solution:1
Upvotes119